One of the cancer drug most widely used is methotrexate, which also used in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. The adverse effects of this substance are due to production of free radicals, which tend to inhibit enzymes nicotinamidaadenosina providing hydrogen diphosphate (NADPH), which is used by the glutathione system, important for neutralizarradicales free and pro-oxidant substances various tissues.

The present study tended to show the protective capacity of lycopene in rats 28 rats, 14 of which were pretreated with lycopene and 14 with saline for 12 days. Between 11 and 12 fueron taken 7 rats from each group which were given methotrexate. Subsequently, enzyme systems and observed their testicular tissue and duodenum (very sensitive to methotrexate). When finished it was found that the group of rats who received methotrexate and lycopene showed a lot less damage in testis and duodenum compared to saline group, showing a persistence of hepatic glutathione system capable of neutralizing the toxic effects of methotrexate.

We conclude that the lycopene content in tomatoes may be a useful element to counter adverse effects of methotrexate.

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Eddy who was asked as a seminar speaker said, the trend of people with communicable diseases in the world growing increasingly. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, in 2020 the cause of death from non-communicable diseases will reach 73 percent of all causes of death.

Eddy said to qualify as a disease is not contagious but it is dangerous heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Such diseases are usually caused by the behavior or an unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking man, consuming excess sugar, supine exercise, and consuming alcohol.

In the same occasion Administration Assistant for Social and Development Secretariat of the city of Bogor, Edgar Suratman said, in developing countries such as Indonesia, the pattern of a person’s death has shifted from infectious to noninfectious diseases.

Edgar conveys, from the data in 2010, stroke, high blood pressure and heart topped cause someone’s death. Where the cause of death from heart disease and high blood pressure reached 197 people and 119 people from a stroke. “They must have a healthy lifestyle to avoid disease is not contagious,” he said.

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Heartburn symptoms

The most common symptoms of heartburn include a burning sensation in the chest area and throat. This is caused by digestive juices overflowing stomach and works its way up into the esophagus. When these juices reach the area behind the breastbone, heartburn is the result. A common cause of this condition is spicy, greasy or fatty foods eating. Obesity and use of snuff also contribute to this condition.

When symptoms of heartburn, there are certain things worsen. Lying down will make the problem worse because gravity cannot work and pull back down the acids where they belong. To prevent this from happening, do not lie down for at least two hours after you eat. You can also prevent heartburn symptoms appear while you are sleeping by raising the head of your bed a couple of inches.

The symptoms of heartburn can also be an indication of a more serious underlying medical condition. One of the most common is GERD, or gastro esophageal reflux. If this is the case, a diagnosis from a doctor is necessary. The symptoms of heartburn may also accompany other medical conditions such as ulcers, cancer, and others. If this is the case, treat the condition can relieve the symptoms of heartburn as well.

The symptoms of heartburn can usually be treated by making changes in diet and lifestyle. A simple exercise routine can also help if you are overweight. This is one of the leading causes of heartburn.

Any person suffering from this condition knows it can be painful and uncomfortable. It can affect every aspect of your life and really make it less enjoyable. The good news is, the symptoms of heartburn can be controlled and treated effectively. The even better news is that this can usually be done in the country, with the above methods, as well as over the counter medications. Only when symptoms are persistent or progressively worse you need to seek medical attention. If it comes to that, you and your doctor should be able to sit down and determine possible causes and any suitable treatment option.

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Having one symptom or sign may not give enough information to suggest a cause. For example, a rash in a child can be a symptom of a number of things such as poison ivy, an infectious disease like measles, an infection limited to the skin or an allergy to food. But if the rash is seen along with other signs and symptoms such as high fever, chills, malaise, sore throat, then a doctor can get a better idea of the disease. In many cases, a patient’s signs and symptoms do not give enough clues by themselves for the doctor to determine the cause of a disease. Then medical tests such as x-rays, blood tests or biopsy may be necessary.

Cancer is a group of diseases that can cause almost any sign or symptom. Signs and symptoms depend on the location of the cancer, cancer size, and how it affects the nearby organs or structures. If a cancer spreads (metastasizes), then symptoms may appear in different parts of the body. As it grows, it begins to push on nearby organs, blood vessels and nerves. This pressure creates some of the signs and symptoms of cancer. If the cancer is in a critical area, including parts of the brain, even the smallest tumor can cause early symptoms.

But sometimes cancers start in places where it causes no symptoms until the cancer has grown quite large. pancreatic cancers, for example, generally do not grow large enough to feel from outside the body. Some pancreatic cancers do not cause symptoms until they begin to grow around nearby nerves (this causes a backache). Others grow around the bile ducts, blocking the flow of bile and causes a yellowing of the skin known as jaundice. By the time a pancreatic cancer causes these signs or symptoms, usually reached an advanced stage.

Cancer can cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue or weight loss. This may be because cancer cells consume much of the body’s energy supply or release substances that change the body’s metabolism. Or the cancer may cause the immune system to react in ways that produce these symptoms. Sometimes, cancer cells release substances into the bloodstream that cause symptoms not usually thought to result from cancers. For example, some cancers of the pancreas can release substances that cause blood clots in the veins of the legs. Some types of lung cancer that substances similar to hormones that affect blood calcium levels, affecting nerves and muscles and causing weakness and dizziness.

Treatment is more effective when cancer is found as soon as possible. Detecting cancer early usually means it can be treated while it is still small and is less likely to have spread to other parts of the body. This often means a better chance of cure, especially if initial treatment is surgery. A good example of the importance of finding cancer early is melanoma cancer of the skin. Skin cancer can be easy to remove if it has not grown deep into the skin, and the rate of survival at 5 years (percentage of people who live at least five years after diagnosis) at this stage is nearly 100%. But once melanoma has spread to other parts of the body of the survival rate drops dramatically.

Sometimes people ignore symptoms either because they do not know that the symptoms could mean that something is wrong or because they are frightened by what it might mean and do not want to seek medical help. General symptoms such as fatigue, are more likely to have a cause other than cancer and can seem unimportant, especially if they have an obvious cause or only last a short time. Similarly, a person may reason that a specific symptom like a breast mass is probably a cyst that will go away by itself. But none of these symptoms should be discounted or overlooked, especially if they have been around for a long time or are getting worse.

Most likely, the symptoms can not be caused by cancer, but it is important to have them checked by your doctor, just in case. If cancer is not the cause, your doctor can help you figure out what it is and treating it if necessary. In some cases it is possible to detect some cancers before symptoms occur. The American Cancer Society and other health groups encourage the early detection of certain cancers before symptoms occur by recommending a cancer-related check-up and specific tests for people who have no symptoms. Note, however, recommends that these tests do not diminish the importance of reporting any symptoms to your doctor.

Important to know what some of the general (non-specific) signs and symptoms of cancer are, but remember that having any of these does not mean you have cancer. There are many other conditions that can cause these signs and symptoms, too. Most people with cancer will lose weight at some point in their illness. An unexplained (unintentional) weight loss of 10 pounds or more may be the first sign of cancer, particularly cancers of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus or lung.

Fever is very common with cancer, but is more common in advanced disease. Nearly all cancer patients have fever at some point, especially if the cancer or its treatment affects the immune system and makes it harder for the body to fight infections. Less often, fever may be an early sign of cancer such as leukemia or lymphoma. Fatigue can be an important symptom as cancer progresses. It may happen soon, however, in cancers such as leukemia, or if the cancer is causing a steady loss of blood, as in some cancers of the colon or stomach. The pain may be an early symptom with some cancers such as bone cancer or testicular cancer. But most often pain is a symptom of advanced disease. Along with cancers of the skin, some internal cancers can cause skin signs that can be seen. These changes include the skin looking darker (hyper pigmentation), yellow (jaundice) or red (erythema), itching, or excessive hair growth. Along with the above general symptoms, should be aware of the following common symptoms, which could be indicative of cancer. Once again, there may be other causes for each of them, but it is important to draw the attention of your doctor as soon as possible so they can be investigated.

Long-term constipation, diarrhea, or a change in the size of the stool may be a sign of colon cancer. Painful urination, blood in urine, or a change in bladder function (such as more frequent or less frequent urination) may be related to the bladder or prostate cancer. Any changes in bladder or bowel function should be reported to your doctor. Skin cancers may bleed and resemble sores that do not heal. A long-lasting sore in the mouth can be an oral cancer and should be treated promptly, especially in patients who smoke, chew snuff or drink alcohol frequently. The sores on the penis or vagina or can be signs of an infection or a cancer early, and should not be overlooked.

Unusual bleeding may occur in early or advanced cancer. The blood in the sputum (phlegm) may be a sign of lung cancer. Blood in the stool (or a dark or black stool) could be a sign of colon or rectal cancer. Cancer of the cervix or the endometrium (lining of the uterus) can cause vaginal bleeding. Blood in the urine may be a sign of bladder or kidney cancer. A bloody discharge from the nipple may be a sign of breast cancer. Many cancers can be felt through the skin, especially in the breast, testicle, lymph nodes (glands), and soft tissues of the body. A lump or thickening may be an early or late sign of cancer. Any lump or thickening should be reported to your doctor, especially if you’ve just discovered or noticed which has grown in size.

Although often have other causes, indigestion or swallowing problems may be a sign of cancer of the esophagus, stomach, or pharynx (throat). Any wart, mole or freckle that changes color, size, or shape, or loses its definite borders should be reported to your doctor immediately. The skin lesion may be a melanoma, which if diagnosed early, it can be treated successfully. A cough that does not go away may be a sign of lung cancer. Hoarseness may be a sign of cancer of the larynx (voice box) or thyroid. While the signs and symptoms listed above are the most commonly seen with cancer, there are many others that are less common and are not included in this list. If you notice any major change in how the body works or how it feels, especially if it lasts for a long time or worsen, tell your doctor. If you have nothing to do with the cancer, your doctor can investigate and treat if necessary. If it is cancer, you’re going to give the best opportunity to be treated early, when treatment is more likely to be effective.

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The transmission of the virus may be possible through different forms of contact. The type of contact where transmission is more easily is through direct sexual contact and especially if it is dangerous. Direct contact of the mucous membrane of the body or the bloodstream with body fluids containing the virus transmission starts. Examples of body fluids including semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk and blood. Studies show that the receptive partner is more susceptible to HIV transmission of the pair inserted. In addition, the virus spreads more easily when the contact is through anal intercourse rather than vaginal penetration. Other forms of transmission is oral sex, the exchange of fluids and nutrients from the mother to a baby in the womb, childbirth, breastfeeding and blood transfusion.

The symptoms of HIV infections are the lung and gastrointestinal, neurological and psychiatric effects, malignant tumors, and more. The first signs of AIDS would be the emergence of opportunistic infections that damage almost every organ system in the body. Bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi, which can usually be controlled by the body’s immune system, cause these infections. Furthermore, the development of cancers including cervical cancer, lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma in people with AIDS are usually observed.

The onset of fever, chills, weight loss, weakness and night sweats are also symptoms that AIDS patients experience. A lung infection called Pneumocystis pneumonia as serve as a sign for this syndrome. Tuberculosis is another common infection caused by HIV. In fact, according to World Health Organization, tuberculosis co-infected with HIV or TB / HIV, is one of the main cases in AIDS patients today.

According to the World Health Organization, there are four stages that people who have HIV. During the first stage, the infection is considered as asymptotic therefore is not classified as AIDS. The second phase would entail recurrent infections of upper respiratory tract and mucocutaneous symptoms. When a person already suffering from chronic diarrhea for more than a month, along with serious bacterial infections and pulmonary tuberculosis, that person is already considered in the third stage. The last step would be marked by the appearance of Kaposi’s sarcoma, cerebral toxoplasmosis and candidiasis of the lungs, trachea, esophagus or bronchial tubes.

Be aware of the disease and its symptoms would certainly be a good start for anyone who has no idea about AIDS. The information serves as an alarm for everyone, most especially children, who take more care of themselves. Information, as well as proper and routine examinations in STD clinics close, proved very valuable in combating the problem.

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